What safety precautions should be taken when using the cracking furnace?
The following safety precautions should be taken during the use of the cracking furnace:
**1. Equipment installation and inspection**
1. Equipment site selection and foundation
- The cracking furnace should be installed in a site that meets safety regulations. The foundation should be firm and able to withstand the weight of the equipment and vibration during operation to ensure the stability of the equipment.
- Maintain a sufficient safety distance from surrounding buildings and facilities to prevent the spread of fire or mutual influence.
2. Equipment inspection and maintenance
- Regularly conduct a comprehensive inspection of the furnace body, furnace tubes, burners, valves, instruments and other components of the cracking furnace to ensure that they are in good working condition.
- Check whether the furnace body has cracks, deformations, etc., and whether the furnace tubes have signs of corrosion, blockage or leakage.
- Debug and maintain the burner to ensure its combustion efficiency and stability and prevent dangerous situations such as flashback.
- Check the sealing and flexibility of the valve to ensure that the flow of materials and gases can be accurately controlled.
- Calibrate various instruments, such as thermometers, pressure gauges, etc., to make their measurements accurate and reliable, so as to grasp the equipment operation parameters in a timely manner.
**II. Operation process**
1. Personnel training and qualifications
- Operators must undergo professional training, be familiar with the working principle, operating procedures and safety knowledge of the cracking furnace, and obtain the corresponding operating qualifications.
- Understand the characteristics of different raw materials and cracking process requirements, and be able to correctly handle various abnormal situations.
2. Feed control
- Operate in strict accordance with the prescribed feed speed and ratio to avoid too fast or too much feed causing a sudden increase in furnace pressure or out-of-control reaction.
- Strictly control the quality of feed to prevent impurities from entering the furnace to affect the cracking reaction or damage the equipment.
- The feed system should be equipped with filtering, metering and other devices to ensure the accuracy and stability of the feed.
3. Temperature and pressure control
- Closely monitor the temperature and pressure in the furnace and strictly control them within the set safety range.
- Use a reliable temperature and pressure control system and set a multi-level alarm device. When the temperature or pressure exceeds the normal range, issue an alarm in time and take corresponding measures.
- The heating process should follow the operating procedures to avoid damage to the furnace body and furnace tubes caused by too fast heating.
- Pressure regulation should be smooth to prevent pressure fluctuations from adversely affecting equipment and processes.
4. Atmosphere control
- For cracking processes that require a specific atmosphere (such as inert, reducing, etc.), the composition and flow of the gas must be accurately controlled.
- The gas supply system should be equipped with safety devices to prevent gas leakage and improper mixing from causing danger.
- Regularly test the atmosphere in the furnace to ensure that it meets the process requirements.
**III. Emergency treatment**
1. Emergency plan formulation
- Develop a complete emergency plan, including response measures for various possible emergencies such as fire, explosion, leakage, and equipment failure.
- Clarify the responsibilities of emergency organizations and personnel, conduct emergency drills regularly, and improve the ability to respond to emergencies.
2. Emergency stop
- The equipment should be equipped with an emergency stop device, and the operator should be familiar with its operation method so that it can stop quickly in an emergency.
- After emergency stop, follow-up treatment should be carried out in accordance with the prescribed procedures, such as cooling, emptying, inspection, etc., to prevent the accident from expanding.
3. Fire and explosion prevention
- There should be sufficient and appropriate firefighting equipment around the cracking furnace, such as fire extinguishers, fire hydrants, etc., and regular inspection and maintenance.
- Keep the equipment and surrounding environment clean to prevent the accumulation of flammable materials.
- Install fire alarm and automatic fire extinguishing systems to improve fire prevention capabilities.
- Strictly control factors that may cause explosions, such as preventing gas leakage accumulation and controlling fire sources.
**IV. Other safety precautions**
1. Ventilation and emission
- Ensure that the area where the cracking furnace is located is well ventilated, and promptly remove the waste gas and odor generated during the cracking process.
- The waste gas emission system must meet environmental protection requirements and be equipped with purification and treatment devices to prevent harm to the environment and personnel health.
2. Electrical safety
- The electrical equipment of the cracking furnace should meet explosion-proof requirements to prevent electrical sparks from causing fires or explosions.
- Regularly check the insulation performance of electrical lines and equipment to prevent accidents such as leakage.
3. Personal protection
- Operators should be equipped with necessary personal protective equipment, such as high temperature resistant gloves, protective glasses, gas masks, etc., and choose appropriate protective equipment according to the specific operating environment and process requirements.
- Strictly abide by the regulations on the use of personal protective equipment to ensure the safety of operators.
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